Hugo 搭建个人博客

构建速度对比（1000篇文章）：
- Hugo:    ~1秒 ⚡⚡⚡⚡⚡
- Hexo:    ~30秒 ⚡⚡
- Jekyll:  ~60秒 ⚡
- Gatsby:  ~120秒

# 主题配置文件示例
params:
  defaultTheme: auto  # 自动切换明暗主题
  author: 你的名字
  description: 博客描述

git --version

git version 2.54.0.windows.1

# 打开 PowerShell 或命令提示符，运行：
winget install Hugo.Hugo.Extended

choco install hugo-extended

hugo version

hugo v0.163.3-4d22555aebf458d5d150500c9ac4bee5b24cf0d3+extended windows/amd64 BuildDate=2026-06-18T16:18:24Z VendorInfo=gohugoio

# 例如进入 D 盘的 Project 文件夹
cd D:\Project

hugo new site myblog

cd myblog

myblog/
├── content/        # 博客文章目录
├── layouts/        # 模板布局目录
├── public/        # 构建输出目录（最终发布的网站）
├── static/         # 静态文件目录（图片、CSS、JS 等）
├── themes/         # 主题目录
├── hugo.yaml       # 配置文件（主配置）
└── config.toml     # 配置文件（可选，Toml 格式）

git init

git submodule add https://github.com/adityatelange/hugo-PaperMod.git themes/PaperMod

baseURL: "https://example.com/"
languageCode: "zh-cn"
title: "我的博客"
theme: "PaperMod"

baseURL: "https://你的用户名.github.io/"
languageCode: "zh-cn"
title: "我的技术博客"
theme: "PaperMod"
defaultContentLanguage: zh
hasCJKLanguage: true

params:
  author: "你的名字"
  description: "分享技术，记录生活"
  defaultTheme: auto  # 自动切换明暗主题
  ShowShareButtons: true  # 显示分享按钮
  ShowReadingTime: true  # 显示阅读时间
  ShowWordCount: true  # 显示字数统计
  displayName: "博客"
  founder: "你的名字"
  websiteTitle: " - 我的技术博客"

menu:
  main:
    - name: 文章
      url: /posts/
      weight: 1
    - name: 标签
      url: /tags/
      weight: 2
    - name: 分类
      url: /categories/
      weight: 3
    - name: 关于
      url: /about/
      weight: 4

hugo new posts/hello-world.md

---
title: "Hello World"
date: 2026-06-20
draft: false
---

在这里写下你的文章内容...

---
title: "Hello World"
date: 2026-06-20
draft: false
description: "我的第一篇博客文章"
tags: ["博客", "Hugo"]
categories: ["随笔"]
---

## 文章标题

这是正文内容，支持 **Markdown** 语法。

### 代码示例

    ```python
    print("Hello, Hugo!")
    ```

hugo server -D

hugo --minify

public/
├── index.html          # 首页
├── posts/              # 文章页面
│   ├── hello-world/
│   │   └── index.html
├── css/                # 样式文件
├── js/                 # 脚本文件
└── ...

https://github.com/youdward/youdward.github.io

# 替换为你的实际 GitHub 用户名和仓库名
git remote add origin https://github.com/youdward/youdward.github.io.git

git remote -v

origin  https://github.com/youdward/youdward.github.io.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/youdward/youdward.github.io.git (push)

mkdir -p .github/workflows

name: Deploy Hugo site to Pages

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - main
  workflow_dispatch:

permissions:
  contents: read
  pages: write
  id-token: write

concurrency:
  group: pages
  cancel-in-progress: false

defaults:
  run:
    shell: bash

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      DART_SASS_VERSION: 1.100.0
      GO_VERSION: 1.26.3
      HUGO_VERSION: 0.163.3
      NODE_VERSION: 24.16.0
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          submodules: recursive
          fetch-depth: 0

      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
        with:
          go-version: ${{ env.GO_VERSION }}
          cache: false

      - name: Setup Node.js
        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
        with:
          node-version: ${{ env.NODE_VERSION }}

      - name: Setup Pages
        id: pages
        uses: actions/configure-pages@v6

      - name: Install Dart Sass
        run: |
          curl -sLJO "https://github.com/sass/dart-sass/releases/download/${DART_SASS_VERSION}/dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz"
          tar -C "${HOME}/.local" -xf "dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz"
          rm "dart-sass-${DART_SASS_VERSION}-linux-x64.tar.gz"
          echo "${HOME}/.local/dart-sass" >> "${GITHUB_PATH}"

      - name: Install Hugo
        run: |
          curl -sLJO "https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v${HUGO_VERSION}/hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.tar.gz"
          mkdir "${HOME}/.local/hugo"
          tar -C "${HOME}/.local/hugo" -xf "hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.tar.gz"
          rm "hugo_extended_${HUGO_VERSION}_linux-amd64.tar.gz"
          echo "${HOME}/.local/hugo" >> "${GITHUB_PATH}"

      - name: Verify installations
        run: |
          echo "Dart Sass: $(sass --version)"
          echo "Go: $(go version)"
          echo "Hugo: $(hugo version)"
          echo "Node.js: $(node --version)"

      - name: Build the site
        run: |
          hugo \
            --gc \
            --minify \
            --baseURL "${{ steps.pages.outputs.base_url }}/"

      - name: Upload artifact
        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
        with:
          path: ./public

  deploy:
    environment:
      name: github-pages
      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs: build
    steps:
      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
        id: deployment
        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

# Hugo 构建输出
/public/
/.hugo_build.lock
/resources/

# 操作系统文件
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db

# IDE 配置
.idea/
.vscode/
*.swp

git add .
git commit -m "Initial commit: Hugo blog with PaperMod theme"

git branch -M main
git push -u origin main

# 1. 提交代码
git add .
git commit -m "更新文章"
git push

# 2. GitHub Actions 会自动构建和部署
# 3. 几分钟后博客就更新了

# Windows 使用 PowerShell 或 SSH 客户端
ssh root@123.45.67.89

# 输入密码登录

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt update && apt upgrade -y

# CentOS
yum update -y

# Ubuntu/Debian
apt install nginx -y

# CentOS
yum install nginx -y

# 启动 Nginx
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx

# 安装 Git
apt install git -y

# 安装 Hugo（Ubuntu）
apt install hugo -y

# 或手动安装最新版
wget https://github.com/gohugoio/hugo/releases/download/v0.163.3/hugo_extended_0.163.3_linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar -xzf hugo_extended_0.163.3_linux-amd64.tar.gz
mv hugo /usr/local/bin/

# 验证安装
hugo version

# 1. 本地构建
hugo --minify

# 2. 使用 SCP 上传 public 目录到服务器
scp -r public/* root@123.45.67.89:/var/www/html/

# 在服务器上执行
cd /var/www
git clone https://github.com/yourname/yourname.github.io.git blog
cd blog
hugo --minify
cp -r public/* /var/www/html/

nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name yourdomain.com www.yourdomain.com;

    root /var/www/html;
    index index.html;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
    }

    # 启用 Gzip 压缩
    gzip on;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml;

    # 静态资源缓存
    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        expires 30d;
    }
}

# 创建软链接
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/yourdomain.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/

# 删除默认配置（可选）
rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

# 测试配置
nginx -t

# 重载 Nginx
systemctl reload nginx

# Ubuntu
apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y

# CentOS
yum install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y

certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com -d www.yourdomain.com

# 测试续期
certbot renew --dry-run

# 添加定时任务
crontab -e

# 添加以下行（每天凌晨 3 点检查续期）
0 3 * * * certbot renew --quiet

nano /root/deploy-blog.sh

#!/bin/bash
cd /var/www/blog
git pull origin main
hugo --minify
cp -r public/* /var/www/html/
echo "Blog deployed at $(date)"

chmod +x /root/deploy-blog.sh

/root/deploy-blog.sh

## 二级标题

- 列表项 1
- 列表项 2

**加粗文字** 和 *斜体文字*

[链接文本](https://example.com)

![图片描述](图片路径)